环保无铅黄铜材料的研究进展

传统易切削黄铜多为含铅黄铜，如HPb59—1、HPb63—3等，广泛应用于五金件、手表零件、汽车零件、制冷设备、家电以及卫浴等领域。含铅黄铜零部件报废后，以各种途径污染环境。近年来，随着环保要求的提高，促进了无铅易切削黄铜的研制，发展低铅及无铅黄铜材料已成为一种趋势。用铋、锑、硅、碲、镁等元素来代替铅是实现无铅易切削黄铜材料的较好途径，许多研究单位已经开发了无铅易切削黄铜产品，其切削性能和强度等接近于普通铅黄铜，但是，这些产品的冷、热加工性能尚需要进一步提高，以达到替代铅黄铜的目的。本文综述了国内外环保易切削黄铜的研究现状并且对其发展前景进行了展望。

Research Situation of Environmental Protection Lead--Free Brass

Most of the traditional easy--cutting brasses are leaded brass, such as HPb59--1 and HPb63--3, they are widely used for hardware, watch parts, automobile parts, refrigeration facilities, house--wirings and cleaning wares. But the rejected leaded brass parts may pollute the environment in many ways. In recent years, the voice of environmental protec- tion is becoming higher and higher, which promotes the development of easy-- cutting nonleaded brasses, and low-- lead or lead--free brass substituting for the conventional lead brass becomes a development trend, Substituting the lead by bismuth, stibinm , silicium, tellurium or magnesium are the promising approaches, and some high schools, research institutes and companies had developed many kinds of lead--free , easy--cutting brass. These products＇ cutting property and the strength reach to the ordinary lead brass. However, their cold--working and the hot--working properties are less than those of the ordinary lead brass, how to improve the property is the opening questions to US. This paper sums up the research progress of easy--cutting brasses and lead--free brass abroad and at home, and looks forward to the development and application prospect of nonleaded brasses.