Microstructure and transformation of Al-containing nanostructured 316L stainless steel coatings processed using spark plasma sintering |
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| Authors: | A Almathami M Brochu |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University in Cracow, Podchorazych 2 St., 30-084 Cracow, Poland;2. Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Wroc?awska 37A St., 30-011 Krakow, Poland;3. Department of Materials Science and Non-Ferrous Metals Engineering, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av.,30-059 Cracow, Poland;1. Department of Chemical, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Landmark University, P.M.B, 1001, Omu–Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria;1. ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, P.O.B. 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary;2. Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044 Chongqing, China;2. Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714 Chongqing, China;1. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica, e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;2. International Research Centre in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Banuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain;3. Advanced Materials, Nuclear Technology and Applied Bio/Nanotechnology, Consolidated Research Unit UIC-154, University of Burgos, Hospital del Rey s/n, 09001 Burgos, Castilla y Leon, Spain;4. Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA |
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| Abstract: | Three austenitic stainless steel alloys containing 0, 2 and 6 wt.% Al were prepared by cryomilling and spark plasma sintering. It was shown that aluminum influences the strain-induced phase transformation that occurs during milling. The milled powders consisted of finely dispersed particles with the powder particle size distribution increasing with aluminum concentration. Consolidation of the SS0Al (stainless steel containing 0 wt.% Al) powder via the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process onto a solid stainless steel substrate yields an equiaxed structure due to the original particle morphology resulting from cryomilling. The SS2Al and SS6Al SPS consolidated powder coatings exhibit a lamellar structure due to the increased aspect ratio of the particles. The degree to which the BCC structure induced during cryomilling of all three powder systems reverted to FCC was dependent upon the Al content. The SPS process was found to minimally influence the FCC recovery compared to conventional powder consolidation heat treatments. The energy supplied by the SPS process was insufficient to overcome the activation energy governing the rearrangement of dislocations required to complete the FCC recovery. The microhardness of the coatings processing using SPS was found to be highly dependent on the Al content by controlling the ratio of the BCC/FCC crystals in the formed coating. |
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