稻壳类生物沥青微观作用机理研究

为了探究稻壳类生物质油替代石油沥青的微观作用机理，以稻壳类生物质油和6种石油沥青为原材料，制备稻壳类生物沥青。采用针入度、软化点和延度指标评价稻壳类生物沥青的物理性能，通过傅里叶红外光谱实验(FTIR)和高温凝胶色谱实验(GPC)探究稻壳类生物沥青的微观作用机理。研究表明，稻壳类生物质油会使石油沥青的针入度和延度增大，同时使软化点略有降低；稻壳类生物质油与6种石油沥青的官能团相似，且生物沥青制备时未产生新的官能团；随着稻壳类生物质油的掺加，6种生物沥青中的小分子和中分子含量增加，大分子的含量变化不大，稻壳类生物质油小分子和中分子含量较多，生物沥青的数均分子量M_n和重均分子量M_w均降低。稻壳类生物质油的加入，使石油沥青的低温性能提高，流动性增大，高温性能稍有降低但并不会降低石油沥青的高温等级，稻壳类生物质油可以作为石油沥青的替代材料使用。

Study on the microscopic mechanism of rice husk bio-ashpalt

In order to explore the microscopic action mechanism of rice husk bio-oil replacing petroleum asphalt, rice husk bio-oil and six kinds of petroleum asphalt were used as raw materials to prepare rice husk bio-asphalt. The physical properties of rice husk bio-asphalt were evaluated by penetration, softening point and ductility. The microscopic mechanism of rice husk bio-asphalt was explored by Fourier infrared spectroscopy test (FTIR) and high temperature gel chromatography test (GPC). The results show that rice husk bio-oil can increase the penetration and ductility of petroleum asphalt, and decrease the softening point slightly. The functional groups of rice husk bio-oil are similar to those of the six petroleum asphalt, and no new functional groups are generated during the preparation of bio-asphalt. With the addition of rice husk bio-oil, the content of small and medium molecules in six bio-asphalt increased, while the content of large molecules did not change much. The content of small and medium molecules in rice husk bio-oil increased, and the number average molecular weight M_n and weight average molecular weight M_w of bio-asphalt decreased. With the addition of rice husk bio-oil, the low-temperature performance and fluidity of petroleum asphalt are improved, while the high temperature performance is slightly reduced but the high temperature grade of petroleum asphalt is not reduced. Rice husk bio-oil can be used as a substitute material for petroleum asphalt.