城市机动性--城市研究的新概念框架

对城市中日常出行和交通运输问题的认识,正在摆脱工程师的技术观念束缚,成为社会科学的一项研究内容.社会学、地理学、心理学、经济学等多学科的研究方法催生了一个新的概念:城市机动性.城市的交通出行不仅是一个技术问题,而且是一个社会问题.对这一问题应当通过人们的城市生活方式,在空间中的表现,环境导向认知等方面进行研究.城市机动性的概念促使城市研究学者采用一个更加整体和系统化的方法来对待交通问题:城市交通不能脱离技术条件的支持(交通运输)、城市社会活动的组织(布局结构)、城市居民的日常活动(城市社会活动),空间质量(城市景观)以及城市决策者的管理措施(城市政策).城市机动性因此提供了一个概念性的框架.在此基础上可以发展建立新的概念与认识,如"交互的机动性"和"多类型的机动性"的概念.

Urban Mobility:A new conceptual framework

The approach on daily trips and transportation issues in town has been opening up from the very technical culture of engineers to a more social sciences oriented discipline. Sociologists,geographers,psychologists,economists as well as engineers are currently enriching the scientific work on urban transportation issues. The result of such an interdisciplinary approach is the emergence of a new concept: urban mobility. This concept is built on the idea that trips in town are not only a technical issue but also a social issue that has to deal with urban practice,spatial behavior,perception of the direct environment and so on. From a general point of view,this concept of urban mobility invites scientists and cities specialists to enlarge their vision of urban transportation to a more systemic and global approach: trips in town can't be understand without taking into account the technical conditions of moving (urban transportation),the organization of activities in cities (urban structure),the daily practice of urban dwellers (urban society),the quality of space (urban landscape) and the measures taken by decisions makers to shape the city (urban policy). More than a concept,urban mobility is a conceptual framework,meaning a basis to build new concepts and new notions. For instance,intermodality and multimodality are related notions.