大型运载火箭,天地往返运输系统主发动机的发展

本文通过世界发展航天技术的先进国家在探索、研究大型运载火箭与天地往返运输系统动力装置方面所取得的成就说明液氢燃料(由于其具有高比冲等独特的优越性)在航空航天技术发展中越来越显示了无比的竞争力。论述了高压分级燃烧氢氧发动机是大型运载火箭芯级动力装置,也是天地往返系统轨道级重复使用动力装置的发展方向,同时指出氢、氧、烃双燃料三组元发动机是大型运载火箭动力装置的新发展方向。论述了以氢为燃料的吸气式组合发动机是发展天地往返运输系统空天飞机动力装置的可能趋势。

The Development of Main Engines for Heavy Lift Launch Vehicles and Space Transportation Systems

In the present paper the achievement of aerospace technology in advanced countries is reviewed. The results of the R&D of main engines for heavy lift launch vehicles and space transportation systems have shown that hydrogen is the most prospective fuel in aerospace technology because of its high specific impulse and other special properties. This paper deals with the high pressure LO_2 / LH_2 rocket engines with stage combustion cycle. It is shown that they can be used not only for the central stage of heavy lift launch vehicles, but also for the reusable orbiter of space transportation systems. In this paper the three-component(hydrogen, hydrocarbon and oxygen) rocket engine for heavy lift launch vehicles is discussed. Finally, a review of the investigation in the field of air breathing combined engines using liquid hydrogen is also presented. It shows that there will be a great possibility for application of this kind of engines in reusable transportation systems.