Zirconia ceramic and Nb joints brazed with Mo-particle-reinforced Ag-Cu-Ti composite fillers: Interfacial microstructure and formation mechanism

Zirconia (ZrO₂) ceramic and Nb were successfully brazed using a Mo-particle -reinforced Ag-Cu-Ti composite filler. The effect of the Mo content of the composite filler on the interfacial microstructures and mechanical properties of ZrO₂/Nb-brazed joints was investigated. The calculated Ti activity initially increased and then decreased as the Mo content was increased from 1 to 40 wt%, and played a decisive role in the evolution of interfacial products formed adjacent to the ZrO₂ ceramic. When 40 wt% Mo particles were added to the composite filler, TiO+Ti₃Cu₃O reaction layers formed adjacent to the ceramic substrate. By decreasing the Mo content of the filler, the TiO layer became thinner or even vanished, whereas the thickness of the Ti₃Cu₃O reaction layer increased gradually with decreasing Mo content. Concurrently, a bulky TiCu compound grew near to the ZrO₂ ceramic, and further fine TiCu particles were observed in the brazing seam. This microstructure evolution, as well as the mechanism for the formation of joints brazed with composite fillers of differing Mo content, is discussed based on TEM analyses. The shear strength of the brazed joint is clearly improved when a suitable amount of Mo is added to the Ag-Cu-Ti filler. A maximum shear strength of 370 MPa was obtained when ZrO₂/Nb joints were brazed with Ag-Cu-Ti+5 wt% Mo composite filler.