发泡法制备二维材料泡沫体的进展

以石墨烯为代表的二维材料具有优异的本征性质, 例如高表面积和电导率, 但其宏观块体材料的性质仍不理想。这是由于石墨烯片层堆叠损失了有效的表面; 片层之间联结较弱导致接触电阻和热阻增大。原则上二维材料的三维化设计能避免上述问题, 将纳米尺度的优异性质传递到宏观尺度, 获得高表面积、高导电、贯通孔道和优良机械性能的块体材料。二维材料多孔块体可用于电极、吸附剂和弹性体等。发泡法工艺简单、成本低, 是近年来制备二维材料泡沫体的主要方法。本文系统总结了发泡法的基本原理, 综述了石墨烯、氮化硼等二维材料泡沫体的研究进展, 展望了二维材料泡沫体在能源、环境等方面的应用前景。

Blowing Route to Fabricate Foams of 2D Materials

Graphene, as a representative of two-dimensional (2D) materials, has excellent intrinsic properties such as high specific surface area and conductivity, but its macroscopic bulk behaves poorly owing to severe face-to-face restacking and hand-in-hand contact resistance. Three-dimensional (3D) design of 2D materials can deliver the excellent nanoscaled properties to the macroscopic world, to realize the high surface area, conductivity, interconnected pores, and good mechanics of the bulks. It is necessary and highlighted to develop the porous monolith of 2D materials for applications as electrodes, adsorbents, elastomers, etc. The blowing route has the advantages of low cost and simple processing, which has been accentually developed to produce the foams of 2D materials for several years. This article introduces the principle of the blowing method, summarizing the recent examples of blown foams of graphene, boron nitride nanosheet, and others. The scientific front about foams of 2D materials is discussed, and the broad applications of the new materials are prospected in energy, environment, etc.