我国生物燃料乙醇产业新进展

燃料乙醇产业发展近20年来,为支持国家三农事业、改善大气环境、减少原油进口做出多重贡献。近年来,在国家政策推动下,我国生物燃料乙醇产业引起各界高度关注。产业链相关的生产企业、科研机构、石化和汽车行业等从不同视角做了大量实践和研究。本文从生物燃料乙醇技术进步、炼油产业的关联效应、对汽车行业的影响三方面进行概述,分析当前发展生物燃料乙醇产业呈现的新趋势。技术进步方面,从研究到生产实际,已更多地着眼于开发多种原料灵活加工的方式,构建新的产品结构,并采用技术手段降低过程能耗、发掘净能量提升空间、降低生产成本,开辟纤维素乙醇技术的新途径;此外,在产品转化率的科学评价方式、建立可持续综合效益评估模型以及设计新型对称双阴极结构解决乙醇燃料电池稳定性问题有更深入的研究。炼油产业关联效应方面,大量研究分析了油品升级、乙醇的加入对尾气污染物排放的影响;而燃料乙醇对炼油行业的影响涉及油库的改造、对组分油品质的要求、产品结构优化等诸多层面。汽车行业对新燃料系统的关注度也在不断提高,在乙醇汽油的燃烧效率、喷射策略和非常规污染物排放控制等方面有新的方案和比较。整体产业链的研发活力不断加强,正带动产业向着高质量方向发展。

New Advances in China’s Biofuel Ethanol Industry

Over the past two decades, the development of fuel ethanol industry has made multiple contributions supporting the national agriculture, rural areas and farmers, improving atmospheric environment and reducing crude oil imports. In recent years, under the promotion of national policies, China’s biofuel ethanol industry has attracted great attention from related circles. Production enterprises, scientific research institutions, petrochemical and automobile industries related to the industrial chain have done a lot of practice and research from respective perspectives. This paper summarizes the technical progress of biofuel ethanol, the correlation effect of oil refining industry and the influence on gasoline vehicle industry, and analyzes the emerging trends in the development of biofuel ethanol industry. In terms of technical progress, from research to production practice, more attention has been paid to the development of flexible processing methods for various raw materials, construction of new product structures, and adoption of technical approaches to reduce process energy consumption, explore potential for net energy increase, as well as cost reduction. New approaches of cellulosic ethanol technology have been explored. In addition, there are more in-depth researches on the scientific evaluation of product conversion rate, the establishment of a sustainable comprehensive benefit evaluation model, and the new design of symmetrical double cathode structure to solve the stability problem of ethanol fuel cells. As for the correlation effect of the refining industry, a large number of studies have analyzed the impact of oil upgrading and the addition of ethanol on exhaust pollutants. However, the impact of fuel ethanol on the refining industry involves many aspects such as the renovation of oil depots, the quality requirements for blend oil, product structure optimization, etc. The attention of the automobile industry to the new fuel system is also continuously increasing, and there are new schemes and comparisons in the combustion efficiency of ethanol gasoline, injection strategy and unconventional pollutant emission control. The research and development vitality of the overall industrial chain has been continuously strengthened, which is driving the industry towards high-quality development.