基于SolidWorks和ANSYS的铁路卷状货物横向限位钢制座架设计

目的 针对卷状货物在铁路运输中常发生横向位移,危及行车安全等问题,设计一款安全可靠、适用车型广、结构强度高、循环使用、叠装回送、适合多种规格货物并带可伸缩横向限位装置的卷状货物运输钢制座架。方法 首先依据《铁路货物装载加固规则》,计算发生在卷状货物的各种力,制定装载加固方案;再依据《钢结构设计规范》及敞车、平集两用车内部结构,确定钢制座架材料与规格;然后通过SolidWorks对钢制座架进行三维建模,利用ANSYS对模型进行有限元分析。结果 分析得出,钢制座架受垂向力、纵向力,最薄弱部分应力分别为172.1、244.39 MPa,位移形变量分别为0.23、0.19 mm,均符合规定;横向限位装置在最不利载荷作用下,齿块剪应力为7.11 MPa,横向档杆最大等效应力28.66 MPa,最大变形量0.03 mm,均符合规定。结论 铁路卷状货物横向限位钢制座架安全可靠,能有效防止卷状货物横向位移,降低装载加固成本,对当下卷状货物运输发展有较大作用。

Design of Steel Seat Frame for Railway Coiled Cargo Transportation Based on SolidWorks and ANSYS

The work aims to design a safe and reliable, suitable for a wide range of models, high structural strength, reusable, recyclable and stackable coiled cargo transport steel seat with retractable lateral stops, so as to solve the problems of coiled cargoes of lateral displacement in railway transportation, resulting in endanger the safety of railway transportation. First, according to the "Railway Cargo Loading and Reinforcement Rules", the various forces occurring in the coiled goods were calculated, and the loading and reinforcement plan was formulated; then, the materials and specifications of steel seat frame were determined according to the "Code for Design of Steel Structures" and the internal structure of the gondola and flat-collector. Then the three-dimensional modeling of the steel seat frame was carried out through SolidWorks, and the finite element analysis of the model was carried out by ANSYS. The result analysis showed that the steel seat frame was subject to vertical force and longitudinal force, the stress of the weakest part was 172.1 MPa and 244.39 MPa respectively, and the displacement and deformation were 0.23 mm and 0.19 mm respectively, which were all in line with the regulations; Under the action of unfavorable load, the shear stress of the tooth block was 7.11 MPa, the maximum equivalent stress of the transverse bar was 28.66 MPa, and the maximum deformation was 0.03 mm, which were all in compliance with the regulations. The railway coiled cargo lateral limit steel seat frame is safe and reliable, and can effectively prevent the lateral displacement of the coiled cargo, reduce the cost of loading and reinforcement, and play a great role in the development of the current coiled cargo transportation.