多功能电致变色器件:从多器件到单器件集成

电致变色是在外加电场驱动下通过材料氧化还原反应可逆地改变颜色或光学性质的现象。自发现电致变色现象以来, 由于其具有色彩丰富、节能环保和智能可控等优点, 电致变色技术已应用于智能窗、智能显示、防炫目后视镜等领域。随着近些年光电技术的快速发展, 涌现了一系列具有高度集成特性的产品, 电致变色技术也朝着功能化智能化的方向发展: 结合绿色能源技术, 使自供能电致变色系统进一步降低了建筑能耗; 利用电致变色可视化的优点, 电致变色与其他功能器件的集成使信息读取更加快速便捷; 由于电致变色器件与多种功能器件具有相似的结构、电化学原理和活性成分, 电致变色器件也逐渐从单一的色彩变化, 向变色红外调控、变色储能及变色致动等多功能的方向发展。电致变色多功能集成也极大地推动了电致变色技术的进一步发展。本文详细综述了电致变色原理的多器件/单器件多功能集成系统的前沿进展, 例如自供能电致变色、电致变色传感、电致变色红外调控以及电致变色储能等方向, 并介绍了不同类型多功能电致变色器件集成模式、结构设计和性能优化, 同时也针对电致变色多功能应用所面临的挑战与未来可能的发展方向进行了总结与展望。

Multi-functional Electrochromic Devices:Integration Strategies Based on Multiple and Single Devices

Electrochromism is the phenomenon of reversible color/optical change of materials induced by redox reactions under an applied electric field.Since electrochromism was first introduced by Platt in 1961,electrochromic(EC)technology continues to develope due to its advantages of multiple colors energy saving and controllability,and was applied in many fields,for example,smart windows,displays,anti-dazzling rear view mirrors,etc.Recently,with the rapid development of optoelectronic and photoelectric technologies, highly integrated electronic devices attractedextensive interests, and the EC technology is developed towards functionalization and intellectualization. For example,self-powered EC devices (ECDs) were fabricated through integrating with the green energy technology, which furtherreduced the building energy consumption. Because of the visualization of the EC phenomena by naked eyes, the signalreading became more convenient for the sensors integrated with ECDs. In addition, because of similar device structure,electrochemical principles, active components with other functional devices, a lot of multifunctional EC technologieswere explored based on single device, facilitating applications of ECDs in EC infrared control, EC energy storage, andEC actuation. In light of the recent emerging progress of EC technology, we reviewed multi-functional EC systemsbased on the integration of multiple devices and single device, respectively, including self-powered ECDs, EC sensors,infrared ECDs, and EC energy storage devices, etc. The integration modes, structure design and performanceoptimization were also summarized for different types of the multi-functional ECDs. At last, we introduced thechallenges and potential pathway of multi-functional EC integration in the future.