黄河干支流防洪形势、总体布局及治理措施

目前，黄河下游洪水威胁依然是国家的心腹之患，中下游干流河段及主要支流防洪工程还不完善，洪水灾害时有发生。黄河下游防洪治理的基本思路是：“上拦下排、两岸分滞”控制洪水；“拦、排、放、调、挖”处理和利用泥沙。黄河防洪减淤的总体布局是：在充分利用现有干支流水库的基础上，继续兴建中游干流古贤、碛口水库，支流沁河河口村水库；根据水沙条件的变化，长期不懈地进行下游堤防加高加固、河道整治、挖河固堤等下排工程建设，排洪排沙入海，保证设防标准内的防洪安全，重点进行东平湖滞洪区建设，长期开展上中游黄土高原的水土保持，减少入黄泥沙；完善防洪非工程措施，黄河下游的主要治理措施是堤防加固，河道整治，东平湖滞洪区加固，滩区安全建设，挖河固堤，河口治理以及古贤，河口村水库建设，上中游干流河段和主要支流的治理措施主要是堤防，河道整治或防冲护岸工程建设。

Flood Control Situation, Overall Layout and Control Measures of the Main Yellow River and Its Tributaries

At present, the threatening of floods in the lower Yellow River is still a serious hidden trouble of China, flood control works at upper and middle reaches and its main tributaries are not perfected yet and flood disasters happened now and then. The basic way of flood control management in the lower Yellow River is to control floods through storing water at the upper reaches, releasing at the lower reaches and using detention basins on the both sides of banks; conduct comprehensive management of water storing, releasing, discharging, regulating and dredging and utilize sediment. The overall layout of flood control and sediment reduction of the Yellow River is to continuously build reservoirs of Guxian and Qikou on the middle reaches of the Yellow River and Hekoucun on the Qinhe River on the conditions of fully utilizing the existing reservoirs on the main river and its tributaries; conduct the releasing works of embankments heightening and reinforcing, river training and dredging in the lower reaches unremittingly over a long period of time according to the changes of water and sediment conditions, releasing floods and washing sediment into the sea and ensuring the safety of flood control within the designed standard; put the stress on the construction in the Dongping Lake Detention Basin; conduct soil and water conservation of the loess plateau in the upper and middle reaches, reducing the sediment coming into the Yellow River ; perfect non-engineering measures of flood control. The main control measures used for the lower Yellow River are the embankments reinforcement, river training, reinforcement of the Dongping Lake Detention Basin, safety construction in floodplain areas, dredging, river mouth management and building reservoirs of Guxian and Hekoucun. The main control measures used for the upper and middle reaches and its main tributaries are the constructions of embankments, river training or revetments for against scouring.