明光酒业人工窖泥配土培菌规模化制作技术

窖泥是生香功能微生物重要载体,决定着浓香型白酒风格。首先开展了老窖泥、黑土原料、黄土原料的化学成分检测分析,指标包括有机物及有机元素、大量矿物元素、重金属元素,以指导人工窖泥配土工作,培养传承有明光白酒风格的特色窖泥。通过比较发现,黑土原料、黄土原料均可用于窖泥的原料,指标显示黑土原料是优选。以黑土原料、黄土原料为原料,配方中均需大量补充有机物。老窖泥、黑土原料、黄土原料中铬、铅、铜等重金属含量极低,无重金属食品安全风险。项目循环培养了300余吨的窖泥复合窖泥微生物,菌液产酸产气,菌膜肥厚,培养7d^9d菌液可使用。项目规模化制作了800m3窖泥,分三轮进行。培养的人工窖泥,水分含量40.1±1.6%、pH 5.71±0.1、铵态氮53.6±3.0mg/100g干土、有效磷66.1±5.3mg/100g干土、有效钾102.5±5.4mg/100g干土,己酸菌为106数量级,己酸含量3.44±0.3mg/g干土。感官观察,人工窖泥呈灰黑色,手感细腻,黏附力大,品质良好,有典型己酯、丁酯味,无臭味异味。

Study on Formula of Raw Materials and Large-scale Production Technology for Artificial Pit Mud in Mingguang Winery

Pit mud is an important carrier of aroma-producing microorganisms,which determines the style of Luzhou-flavor liquor.Firstly,the chemical composition of the old pit mud,black soil and loess was analyzed,including organic matter and organic elements,a large number of mineral elements and heavy metal elements,in order to guide the soil preparation of artificial pit mud.Through comparison,it is found that both black soil and loess can be used as raw materials for pit mud.The index shows that black soil is the best choice.With black soil and loess as raw materials,a large amount of organic substances are needed in the formulation.The contents of heavy metals such as chromium,lead and copper in old pit mud,black soil and loess are very low,and there is no risk of heavy metal food safety.About 300 tons of functional microorganism liquid were cultured for pit mud,producing acid and gas,and the bacterial membrane was thick.The bacterial liquid could be used for 7~9 days.The project has produced 800 cubic meters pit mud in three rounds.The cultured artificial pit mud contained water 40.1±1.6%,pH 5.71±0.1,ammonium nitrogen 53.6±3.0mg/100g,available phosphorus 66.1±5.3mg/100g,available potassium102.5±5.4mg/100g,order of magnitude of caproic acid bacteria is 10^6 and caproic acid 3.44±0.3 mg/g in dry soil.Sensory observation showed that the artificial pit mud was grey-black,delicate and of good quality.It had typical ethyl caproate and ethyl butyrate odor,and had no odor.