黏弹性散体介质中波的传播和耗散

经典弹性固体理论不能准确地描述散体介质中波的传播和能耗规律。本文从黏弹性角度来分析松散岩土介质中波的相关规律，给出了三种黏弹性模型及基本构方程：Maxwell模型，Kelvin模型及标准线性固体模型，给出小变形条件下黏弹性介质中的波动方程，传播向量和衰减向量的复数形式表达式，以及纵波和横波的衰减系数复数形式表达式，认为波的衰减与频率有关，频率越高衰减程度越大，并实验验证了此结论。另外，黏弹性散体介质中波的能耗还与介质对高频波的吸收有关，以及颗粒间的相对滑动磨擦也会增加能量的耗损。

Study on Wave Propagation and Energy Dissipation in Viscoelastic Granular Media

The classic theory of elastic solid can't accurately describe wave propagation and energy dissipation in granular media.This paper analyze the relevant theory in granular medi a in terms of viscoelasticity.Three kinds of viscoelasticity model are given:Maxwell model.Kelvin model and standard linear model of solid.The authors deduce the wave equation.the com plex number expression of propagation vector and attenuation vector,and the attenuation coefficient expression of longitudinal wave and transverse wave under the conditions of small distortion.The attenuation of wave is relevant to frequency.The higher frequency is,the more attenuation is.The experiment can prove it.In addition,the energy dissipation is rele-vant to the higher frequency wave that is absorbed by granular media.The friciton among granular also increases the energy dissipation.