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Combustion performance of bio-ethanol at various blend ratios in a gasoline direct injection engine |
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| Authors: | Dale Turner Roger F. Cracknell Xiangdong Chen |
| Affiliation: | a School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK b Shell Global Solutions UK, Chester, UK c Shell Global Solutions (US) Inc., Houston, TX, USA d Jaguar Landrover, Coventry, UK |
| Abstract: | Bio-ethanol has the potential to be used as an alternative to petroleum gasoline for the purpose of reducing the total CO2 emissions from internal combustion engines and this paper is devoted to the investigation of using different blending-ratios of bio-ethanol/gasoline with respect to spark timing and injection strategies. The experimental work has been carried out on a direct injection spark ignition engine at a part load and speed condition. It is shown that the benefits of adding ethanol into gasoline are reduced engine-out emissions and increased efficiency, and the impact changes with the blend ratio following a certain pattern. These benefits are attributed to the fact that the addition of ethanol modifies the evaporation properties of the fuel blend which increases the vapour pressure for low blends and reduces the heavy fractions for high blends. This is furthermore coupled with the presence of oxygen within the ethanol fuel molecule and the contribution of its faster flame speed, leading to enhanced combustion initiation and stability and improved engine efficiency. |
| Keywords: | CAD, crank angle degrees CID, combustion initiation duration CLD, chemiluminescent detector CO, carbon monoxide CO2, carbon dioxide COV, coefficient of variation DI, direct injection EVC, exhaust valve closing FID, flame ionisation detector γ, ratio of specific heats GE, gas exchange HC, hydrocarbons HRR, heat release rate IMEP, indicated mean effective pressure IVC, intake valve closing IVO, intake valve opening LHV, lower heating value MBT, minimum advance for best torque MFB, mass fraction burned NDIR, non-dispersive infrared sensor NOX, oxides of nitrogen PFI, port fuel injection SoC, start of combustion SoI, start of injection ST, spark timing TDC, top dead centre VCT, variable cam timing |
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