基于人体解剖结构的单兵防护后损伤评估

为评估人体靶标在穿戴防弹衣情况下，枪弹钝击或穿透防弹衣时对人体造成的损伤严重度，基于真实人体切片数据构建了穿戴防弹衣的数字化人体模型，采用高速摄影机拍摄枪弹侵彻有防护明胶靶标过程，获得明胶靶标内部瞬时空腔的演化数据，并建立瞬时空腔简化模型。采用简明损伤定级标准（AIS）评价单个组织器官的损伤情况，分别基于最大简明损伤评分（MAIS）和新损伤严重度评分（NISS）损伤评估算法给出钝击和穿透防弹衣情况下人体相应部位的损伤评分结果，并进行死亡率预测。开发了人体易损性评估软件，获得了某枪弹以不同速度钝击和穿透穿防弹衣人体时，对人体造成的损伤严重度评分值。研究结果表明：当某枪弹以速度638 m/s射击穿防弹衣人体胸部时产生钝击损伤，人体损伤评分结果为MAIS=3、NISS=27，死亡率预测结果为12.88%；当某枪弹以速度714 m/s 射击穿防弹衣人体胸部时，枪弹穿透防弹衣直接侵彻人体组织，人体损伤评分结果为MAIS=5、 NISS=75，死亡率预测结果为97%。

Assessment of Behind-Armor Trauma Based on Human Anatomical Structure

To evaluate the severity of damage to the human body caused by the blunt bullet or its penetrating through the body armor when the human target wears body armor, a digital model of human body wearing an armor is developed based on real human anatomy data. Then, the process of the bullet penetrating the protected gelatin target is captured by high-speed photography. The evolution data of the instantaneous space cavity inside the gelatin target is obtained. A simplified model of the instantaneous space cavity is established. The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) method is used to evaluate tissue and organ damage. Damage scores of the corresponding parts of the human body under blunt hit and penetrating hit are obtained based on MAIS and NISS damage assessment algorithms, respectively. Besides, mortality rate is predicted. Human susceptibility assessment software is developed to obtain a severity score of damage caused to the human body when a small-caliber bullet bluntly hits and penetrates the body wearing an body armor at different speeds. When a small-caliber bullet hits the human chest with a body armor at 638 m/s, it causes blunt damage; the human injury score is MAIS=3, NISS=27, and the mortality prediction result is 12.88%. When a small-caliber bullet hits at 714 m/s, it penetrates the body armor and directly invades human tissue; the human injury score is MAIS=5, NISS=75, and the mortality prediction result is 97%.