基于连续小推力转移的小行星防御轨道设计与仿真

人类发现的小行星越来越多，为应对小行星碰撞地球，国内外许多学者开展了动能撞击防御技术的研究，有学者基于脉冲转移方案开展了Apophis小行星动能撞击轨道优化设计。采用连续小推力直接转移方案对Apophis小行星动能撞击进行轨道设计和仿真。结果表明，新方案对发射时地球的位置敏感度较低，所有窗口下最优转移轨道的飞行时间都接近于最大允许飞行时间；撞击时Apophis的轨道相位均在近日点一侧，此时Apophis的轨道速度较高，有利于得到较大的撞击速度。通过对新设计方案和脉冲直接转移方案的设计结果进行比较，新方案实现的Apophis速度增量约为脉冲转移方案的1.78倍。

Trajectory Design and Simulation for Asteroid Defense Based on Continuous Small Thrust Transfer

More and more asteroids have been discovered. In order to prevent their collisions with the earth, many researchers at home and abroad have conducted research on kinetic impact defense technology, and some on the optimization design of kinetic impactor for the asetroid Apophis based on pulse transfer. The continuous small thrust direct transfer is used to design and simulate the trajectory of the kinetic impactor for Apophis. The results show that the impactor using continuous small thrust direct transfer has low sensitivity to the earth's position at the time of launch, and the flight time on the optimal transfer trajectory under all windows is close to the maximum allowable flight time. At the time of impact, the orbital phase of Apophis is on the perihelion side because the orbital velocity of Apophis is high, which it is conducive to obtaining a large impact velocity. By comparing the design results of small thrust direct transfer and the pulse direct transfer, the Δv of Apophis is about 1.78 times of that of the pulse transfer.