Deformation micromechanics in high-modulus fibres and composites

It is demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy can be used to study the deformation micromechanics of aramid fibres and of the fibres in a model single-fibre composite with an epoxy resin matrix. It is shown that the peak position of the 1610cm⁻¹ aramid Raman band shifts to lower frequency under the action of stress or strain as a result of the macroscopic deformation leading to direct stretching of the aramid molecules. The strain-induced band shifts can be used to follow the deformation of the aramid fibres in a composite matrix. This allows the distribution of strain to be mapped along a fibre, and it is shown that the behaviour is consistent with that predicted by the classical shear-lag analysis. It is also demonstrated that the interfacial shear stress can be calculated from the distribution of strain along the fibre. Finally, the technique is extended to measure the strain in fibres in a single-fibre composite which are aligned at an angle to the tensile axis. In this case it is shown that the strain in the centre of the fibres is identical to that predicted by classical elasticity theory.