Alkaline aluminum phosphate glasses for thermal ion-exchanged optical waveguide |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China;2. Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;1. Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electric Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China;2. College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;1. College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;2. Nantong Friendly New Materials Co., LTD, Nantong 226399, China;3. Department of Physics and Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea;1. Lab of Printing & Packaging Material and Technology-Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China;1. National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;2. Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, Soljanoj Street, 2 Tomsk, Russia;3. L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan;1. College of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiangxi 332005, PR China;2. College of Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Alkaline aluminum phosphate glasses (NMAP) with excellent chemical durability for thermal ion-exchanged optical waveguide have been designed and investigated. The transition temperature Tg (470 °C) is higher than the ion-exchange temperature (390 °C), which is favorable to sustain the stability of the glass structure for planar waveguide fabrication. The effective diffusion coefficient De of K+–Na+ ion exchange in NMAP glasses is 0.110 μm2/min, indicating that ion exchange can be achieved efficiently in the optical glasses. Single-mode channel waveguide has been fabricated on Er3+/Yb3+ doped NMAP glass substrate by standard micro-fabrication and K+–Na+ ion exchange. The mode field diameter is 9.6 μm in the horizontal direction and 6.0 μm in the vertical direction, respectively, indicating an excellent overlap with a standard single-mode fiber. Judd–Ofelt intensity parameter Ω2 is 5.47 × 10−20 cm2, implying a strong asymmetrical and covalent environment around Er3+ in the optical glasses. The full width at half maximum and maximum stimulated emission cross section of the 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 are 30 nm and 6.80 × 10−21 cm2, respectively, demonstrating that the phosphate glasses are potential glass candidates in developing compact optoelectronic devices. Pr3+, Tm3+ and Ho3+ doped NMAP glasses are promising candidates to fabricate waveguide amplifiers and lasers operating at special telecommunication windows. |
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| Keywords: | Phosphate glass Glass waveguide material Thermal ion exchange Waveguide fabrication |
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