面向电动汽车集群实时充放电优化的分群调度机制

大规模电动汽车无序充电会加剧电网的峰谷差，并影响电能质量和变压器寿命。文章从群体的角度考虑分布式控制框架下电动汽车实时充放电优化的互动调度策略，根据接入电动汽车不同的充电需求，提出以充电结束时刻为分群特征的实时调度方法，并采用双层优化模型求解集群整体和单辆电动汽车的最优充放电功率问题。上层以日负荷波动和调度惩罚最小化为目标，建立考虑电动汽车充放电的大规模集群实时互动调度模型。下层考虑电动汽车车主的充放电成本，求解单辆电动汽车充放电功率的最优跟踪问题。以典型的区域配电网负荷数据为例，通过仿真验证了分布式控制下的实时充电优化策略可以保证电网的可靠运行，同时兼顾各方利益。

Group-based Interactive Scheduling Mechanism for Real-time Charging and Discharging Optimization of Electric Vehicle Clusters

The disordered charging of a large number of electric vehicles will aggravate the peak-to-valley difference of the power grid and affect the quality of power supply and transformer life. This paper considers the optimization strategy of real-time charging and discharging of electric vehicles under the distributed control framework from the perspective of group. According to different charging requirements of accessing electric vehicles， this paper proposes a real-time scheduling method that uses the end-of-charge timing as a grouping feature. A bi-level optimization model is used to solve the optimal charging and discharging power of the whole cluster and individual electric vehicle. The upper level aims at minimizing daily load fluctuations and scheduling penalty， and establishes a real-time optimization scheduling model of large-scale cluster. The lower layer considers the charging and discharging costs of electric vehicle owners and solves the optimal tracking problem of an individual electric vehicle. Taking the load data of a typical regional distribution network as an example， the simulation results show that the real-time charging optimization strategy under distributed control can ensure the reliable operation of the power grid， taking into account the interests of all parties.