基于构件内力优化的车身结构轻量化设计

针对细长杆件的轴向承载能力要远大于其他非轴向的承载能力的特性,提出了基于构件内力优化的车身结构轻量化设计理念。从构件受力合理的角度来实现客车车身骨架轻量化,即通过对整车结构的力流分析,得到车身结构整体及主要构件受力特性,找出整车骨架中的高应力及低应力区域。进一步对高应力或低应力杆件的内力成分和应力成分进行分析。在保证强度的基础上,从结构受力合理的角度出发,挖掘整车轻量化的潜力。最后结合某款全承载式客车进行了相应的轻量化设计,在降低结构最高应力的前提下实现减重220kg。

Lightweight design of vehicle body structure based on internal force optimization

According to the fact that the skeleton of the integral vehicle body is mainly made up of slender bars and the load capacity of the bar is much better than that of any non-axial loaded components,a lightweight design concept was proposed for vehicle body based on the optimization of internal forces in structure.The force flow in the vehicle body structure was analyzed to obtain the load bearing of the integral structure and its major components,the regions of high stress and low stress were found,and the internal forces and stresses in these regions were analyzed.The lightweight potential was tapped from the optimization of force bearing pattern.As a case example,a lightweight optimization was made for a integral coach body,and the mass of the body was reduced by about 220kg due to the reduction of the highest stress.