“新工程教育转型”与“工程教育融合创新”的比较研究

为应对第四次工业革命的需求和挑战,MIT实施了第四次工程教育改革(MIT4.0)——新工程教育转型(NEET),卓越联盟高校开展了面向新工业革命的工程教育体系研究,提出了工程教育融合创新(EEII)。其中,新工程教育转型的主要内容包括实施项目中心课程、增加教学多样性、提高项目灵活性、转变学生思维方式、强调系的领导作用以及引领未来的工程教育。工程教育融合创新的核心内容包括面向新工业革命的中国工程教育发展战略、重构中国工程教育的治理体系、从“回归工程”走向“融合创新”的工程教育范式、实施基于工业价值链的工程人才培养模式、构建新的知识体系和面向工程过程的课程体系、工程人才培养质量标准体系的构建策略等。基于工程教育八要素视角,对新工程教育转型和工程教育融合创新进行比较可知,MIT通过转型成为新的工程教育,是连续性的动作;我国高校需要在充分融合的基础上不断创新,以实现工程教育转型的成功,完成变轨超车。

Comparison study on the new engineering education transformation and the engineering education integration innovation

To cope with the needs and challenges of the fourth industrial revolution, MIT initiates the fourth engineering education transformation (MIT4.0), which can also be called new engineering education transformation (NEET); the Alliance of Excellent Colleges proposes engineering education integration innovation (EEII). Contents of NEET include project centric curricular, diversified teaching, flexibility, ways of thinking, building on the departments'' strengths and defining the engineering education of the future. EEII has several parts including the development strategy of China''s engineering education facing the fourth industrial revolution, reconstructing the governance system of China''s engineering education, the shift of paradigm of engineering education from returning of engineering education to integration and innovation, implementation of engineering talent training mode based on industrial value chain, building a new knowledge system and a curriculum system facing engineering process, construction strategy of quality standard system of engineering talents training, etc. From the perspective of eight elements of engineering education, this study compares the differences and similarities of NEET and EEII. This study finds that MIT realizes its new engineering education by transformative behavior, a connective one.Chniese universities need to innovate on the basis of full integration to achieve the success of engineering education transformation, and to realize "corner overtaking".