基于最优化理论自卸车液压举升机构优化设计分析

液压举升机构是自卸车重要组成部分,也是衡量整车性能的主要部件之一,其结构和性能对整车寿命和安全具有重要影响。根据液压举升机构的结构特点和性能特征,运用最优化理论,利用MATLAB建立自卸车液压举升系统数学模型并进行优化分析,运用ADAMS搭建液压系统及举升机构分析模型。以举升缸容量、举升力为优化设计目标,以举升缸铰接点位置为设计变量,考虑边界约束、不干涉性约束、举升缸安装长度约束、最高油压约束等4个约束条件,对机构进行优化分析。搭建液压举升机构试验台进行试验分析,对最优化设计进行验证。分析结果可知:举升缸安装长度和最大行程分别减少6.4%和4.0%,最大举升力和容量分别降低3.6%和6.97%,同时举升时间缩短7.26%,第一级和第二级缸径相对减小6.5%和7.7%。容量减少和缸径减小有利于流量减小、油泵等的选型和整车布置,研究方法和结论为实际设计生产提供参考。

Optimal Design and Analysis of Hydraulic Lifting System in Dump Truck Based on the Optimal Theory

As an important part of dump truck, the hydraulic lifting system has important effect on the performances of dump truck. The optimal model of the hydraulic lifting system was built and the optimal design and analysis was taken based on the optimal theory and MATLAB. Through ADAMS, the analysis model was established to verify the reliability of the optimal design. The lifting cyl-inder capacity and the lift force were chosen as the optimize goals, the lifting cylinder joint positions were chosen as design variables. Then the constraint conditions including boundary constraints, no-interfering constraint, a lift cylinder installation length constraint, maximum pressure constraints and other constraints were considered to optimize the mechanism. The test bench was built to verify the reliability of the optimal design model and results. The results show that: the lift cylinder installation length and maximum stroke are decreased 6. 4％ and 4. 0％ respectively, the maximum lift force and capacity are reduced 6. 97％ and 3. 6％ respectively, at the same time, the lifting time is reduced 7. 26％;the first level and the second level bore are decreased 6. 5％ and 7. 7％. Capacity reduction and bore decrease are benefit to flow decrease, oil pump selection and arrangement of the whole truck. The model and results provide reference for such design.