青海湖水平衡要素水文过程分析

本文将湖泊与湖滨作为一个整体,对1965~2002年逐日水文过程进行模拟,以研究青海湖各项水文要素的变化过程。分析出多年平均入湖总径流量为21.01亿m3,湖面降水16.62亿m3,湖泊水面蒸发量40.93亿m3,平均年亏缺水量为3.25亿m3。近10多年来,增温幅度比较大,每年亏缺水量约5.19亿m3。同时分析了与湖滨生态演变有关的岸冰冻融过程和稳定入湖的地下水过程,建立了比较完整的水量平衡要素系列。

Analysis on hydrological process of water balance factors in Qinghai Lake

In order to clarify the hydrological process of water recharge from surface flow and groundwater to the Lake, the factors of water balance and their interaction are analyzed without long term evaporation observation data. The lake water surface and the lakeside are regarded as an entirety to establish a long series simulation model for analyzing the daily hydrological process in the period from 1965 to 2002. The result shows that the average annual water flow income is 2.101×10.9m3 and the precipitation is 1.662×10.9m3, but due to evaporation the lake losses 5.19×10.9m3 water every year. In the recent 10 years, the lost of water increases to 5.19×10.9m3. Furthermore, the processes of formation and melting of bank ice as well as the variation of steady recharge from groundwater, which affect the ecological evolution along the lakeside, are investigated. On this basis, the whole series of water balance factors are established.