多孔集成节流空气静压轴承数值计算与性能研究

为揭示具有密集节流孔的空气静压轴承承载性能变化规律，设计一种具有多孔集成节流器的空气静压轴承，并对该轴承承载能力和刚度进行研究。结合多孔集成节流空气静压轴承的物理模型建立极坐标下的控制方程，采用有限差分方法和流量平衡原理对该控制方程进行离散差分推导和数值求解并得到气膜流场的压力分布，对空气静压轴承承载力和刚度等性能参数进行分析并进行相关试验验证。结果表明：多孔集成节流空气静压轴承的气膜压力随着气膜间隙的减小而逐渐增大；在气膜间隙相同情况下，随着节流器节流孔数量的增加和节流孔孔径的增大，轴承承载力逐渐增大；轴承在一定气膜间隙下具有最佳刚度，随着节流孔数量的增加，最佳刚度值先增大、后减小；随着轴承供气压力的增大，其最大承载力和最佳刚度值均显著增大；试验测试结果与数值计算结果具有较好的一致性，验证了数值计算和数值方法的可行性和正确性。

Numerical Calculation and Performance Study of Aerostatic Bearing with Multi-hole Integrated Restrictor

An aerostatic bearing with multi-hole integrated restrictor is designed to reveal the changing law of load-bearing performance of aerostatic bearing with concentrated throttle orifices, and the load-bearing capacity and stiffness of the bearing are studied. The governing equations in polar coordinates are established based on the physical model of aerostatic bearing with multi-hole integrated restrictor. The governing equations were deduced by discrete difference method and solved numerically by finite difference method and flow balance principle, and the pressure distribution of the gas film flow field was obtained. The bearing capacity, stiffness and other performance parameters of aerostatic bearing were analyzed and verified by experiments. The results show that the film pressure of aerostatic bearing increases gradually with the decrease in air clearance. In the case of the same air clearance, the bearing capacity of bearings increases gradually as the number of throttle orifices increases and the orifice diameter increases. In the case of a certain air clearance, the bearing has the optimum stiffness. The bearing stiffness increases first and then decreases gradually with the increase in the number of throttle orifices. As the bearing supply pressure increases, the bearing capacity and optimum stiffness of aerostatic bearing increase significantly. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical results, which has verified the feasibility and correctness of numerical calculation and numerical method.