爆破动光弹实验装置的改进及装药结构设计

多火花式动态光弹性仪常用于爆破动光弹实验,其原本设计加载对象为撞击或者小口径步枪冲击载荷;引入爆破实验后,必须对其部分实验装置加以改进。鉴于炸药爆炸时的高速特性、瞬时动态载荷大,可能有炸药颗粒或爆炸产生的碎片飞出,尤其要对试件加载系统以及加载系统两侧的光学仪器进行防护。同时,在爆破动光弹实验过程中,如何捕捉等差线条纹是实验技术难题之一,主要问题在于炸药爆炸和电火花释放没有实现同步控制。本文针对上述问题,对爆破动光弹实验方法作了探索,设计出防护装置和同步触发装药结构。经多次实验证明,该防护装置和同步触发装药结构效果良好,既节约实验成本又使实验简单可行。

IMPROVEMENT ON DYNAMIC PHOTOELASTIC EXPERIMENTAL DEVICES AND DESIGN FOR CONSTRUCTION OF CHARGE IN BLASTING RESEARCH

The multiple electric-spark dynamic photoelastic experimental devices are commonly used in blasting research,which was originally designed for impact or small-caliber rifle's shock load.The devices when introduced into blasting research,therefore,should be improved in their functional part.For meeting the property of high speed in exploding,the great transient dynamic loading,and the possibility of escape of explosive granules or specimen's fragments resulted from the explosion,the specimen loading system and the optical instrument on both sides of the specimen loading system should both be protected.And at the same time,one of the most crucial technical difficulties is how to capture the isochromatic fringes in dynamic photoelastic blasting experiments,which lies in asynchronously controlling of the explosive's blowup and electric-spark's discharge.Regarding the mentioned problems,the method of blasting dynamic experiment was explored,a protective device was designed and a synchronous triggering device for construction of charge was devised.Several experiments showed good results of the protective device and the synchronous triggering device in terms of their simplicity,feasibility and cost saving in experiments.