以川越为例探讨日本历史街区的保护与社区营造

社区营造是日本在借鉴欧美城市规划理论及经验的基础上独自展开的社区规划探索。其中街区保全型社区营造是日本在历史街区保护领域从被动式的静态保存概念演变为参与式的动态保全理念方面的创举。文章从日本历史环境保护制度的演变入手，在分析每个阶段的成就与特征的基础上，讨论日本历史环境的保护对象从单体到全域的演化过程。在活化利用地域资源方面，文章以川越为例研究公众参与型社区营造的过程与方法，旨在发掘街区保全视角下的日本社区营造对中国当代历史街区保护的启示意义。最后，文章指出：强调公众参与的动态保护理念，鼓励民间团体的介入和推动，采取不同段位的设计指导和补助基准是当前语境下中国历史街区保护的应由之路。

Preservation of Historic Precinct and Community Empowerment in Japan based on the Case Study of Kawagoe

Community empowerment in Japan is drawn on the experience of urban planning in western countries. Precinct-preserving community empowerment, as one form of it, is initiative in Japan on the aspect of preservation from statically passive concept to dynamically participatory notion. Institutional evolution of historic precinct preservation in Japan is analysed, and further classified by six periods in this paper. Through research on the characteristic and achievement of each period, it explores the process of preservation subjects developing from monomer to territory. By the case study of public participation and community empowerment in Kawagoe City of Japan, this paper illustrates the enlightenment significance on the historic preservation in China. At last, it concludes dynamic preservation concept based on public participation, intervention and promotion of civil society, and utilization of design instruments and subsidy criterions on basis of multiple levels are the crucial ways leading to a holistic preservation system in China.