二维光催化材料研究进展

以石墨烯为代表的二维材料因其厚度尺寸和层状结构特点，表现出许多独特的物理化学性质，比如导电率高、化学性质稳定以及比表面积大等特点，在环境、材料、能源和催化领域具有广泛的应用前景。而二维材料与半导体复合，不仅可以拥有单个组分的优势，而且每种组分之间的相互作用还可能会引起本征性能的协同增强，因此二维材料-半导体复合光催化剂受到广泛的关注。文中首先介绍了二维材料的分类，包括石墨烯基二维材料和类石墨烯二维材料（六方氮化硼、过渡金属硫族化物、石墨相氮化碳、黑磷、第Ⅳ主族类石墨稀材料、金属有机骨架化合物和共价有机骨架化合物、层状双氢氧化物）。其次对二维材料和半导体-二维材料复合光催化剂的制备进行总结，重点介绍二维材料的“自上而下”和“自下而上”制备策略。最后从光催化降解有机污染物和光解水制氢对二维材料的光催化应用进行综述。基于二维材料光催化的研究现状和进展，进而对二维材料在光催化领域的前景进行展望，提高其实际应用价值。 

Research advances on two-dimensional materials using as photocatalysts

Two-dimensional materials(such as graphene)showed many physical and chemical properties due to their unique thickness dimensions and layered structure characteristics,such as high conductivity,stable chemical properties and large specific surface area,which led to the wide range of applications in environment,materials,energy,and catalysis.The combination of two-dimensional materials and semiconductors can not only have the advantages of a single component,but the interaction between each component may also cause the synergistic enhancement of intrinsic properties.Therefore,the two-dimensional material-semiconductor composite photocatalyst had received extensive attention.In this review,the classification of two-dimensional materials was first introduced,including graphene-based two-dimensional materials and graphene-like two-dimensional materials(hexagonal boron nitride,transition metal chalcogenides,graphite phase carbon nitride,black phosphorus,group Ⅳ grapheme-like materials,metal organic framework compounds and covalent organic framework compounds,layered double hydroxides).Secondly,the preparation of two-dimensional materials and semiconductor-two-dimensional materials photocatalysts was summarized,and the preparation strategies of two-dimensional materials were focused on“top-down”and“bottom-up”.Finally,the applications of two-dimensional materials were reviewed based on photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and photolysis of water to produce hydrogen.Based on the research current and advances of two-dimensional materials,this article looked forward to the prospects of two-dimensional materials in the field of photocatalysis,with the purpose of improving their practical application value.