蜡镶铸造技术在首饰制作中的应用研究

首饰蜡镶铸造是将宝石预先镶嵌在蜡模中,铸造后金属液冷却收缩而直接将宝石固定在镶口中的工艺。与传统的金镶方法相比,蜡镶工艺可以明显提高生产效率,降低人工成本,减少金属损耗。蜡镶铸造是一个多工序的复杂工艺过程,包括母版制作、开设水线、制作橡胶模、制作蜡模、宝石镶嵌到蜡模、种蜡树、制作石膏型、石膏型脱蜡焙烧、金属熔炼浇注、饰件冷却清理等。通过蜡镶铸造工艺试验和生产实践,探讨了各环节的特殊工艺要求。对适合蜡镶铸造的宝石的类别、质量要求进行了分析。用于蜡镶铸造的合金应具有较低的熔点、较好的流动性及抗氧化性能等。

Research on Application of Wax Setting and Casting Technology in Jewelry Manufacture

In wax setting and casting process,gemstones are pre-set in the wax models and directly set by the poured metal liquid solidifying.Compared with the traditional setting process in metal items,the wax setting and casting process has many advantages,for example,it greatly improves the labour efficiency,lowers the labour cost and decreases the loss of precious metal.The wax setting and casting process is complicate process with a series of procedures,including model creating,spruing and construction,rubber mold vulcanization and cutting,wax models injection,stone setting in wax model,wax tree creating,investing,investment mold burning-out,metal melting and pouring, casting cooling and divesting,etc.Through the experiments and manufacture practice of wax setting and casting,some requirements for these procedures are probed.The special requirements for the types and quality of gemstones suitable for this technology are analysed.In addition,jewelry alloys used in wax setting and casting must have the properties of low melting temperature,good fluidity and anti-oxidization properties.