基于水循环的分布式水资源调配模型开发与应用

自以水循环为基础的水资源动态配置模式提出以来，一批基于耦合分布式水文模型的水资源配置模型被先后提出，但其采用的耦合方法往往忽视了经济社会用水过程与天然水文过程之间的动态反馈作用。本文通过改进SWAT模型，并嵌合水资源配置模块，开发了基于水循环的分布式水资源调配模型（Water resources allocation andregulation model based on the SWAT，SWAT-WARM），从模型结构、耦合方法、配置规则等方面系统描述了模型的双向耦合原理。以唐河流域为例开展模型的构建与应用研究，采用包含河道流量过程、特征频率径流总量、国民经济用水量和水资源开发利用量的多指标校验方法验证模型的性能，在此基础上，分析了不同时空尺度的水资源配置结果以及全流域年度水循环转化情况。分析结果表明，该模型通过分布式水文模拟和水资源配置模拟的动态结合，能够描述“自然-社会”水资源复杂系统的实时互馈过程，可为流域水资源精细化管理提供技术支撑。

Development and application of the distributed water resources allocation and regulation model based on hydrological cycle

Since the concept of dynamic water resource allocation based on hydrological cycle was proposed, a number of water resource allocation models coupled with distributed hydrological models have been developed successively,but they ignored the real-time interaction between the social water cycle and natural water cycle. In this work, a distributed water resources allocation and regulation model based on SWAT (SWAT-WARM) are developed by improving SWAT model and incorporating water resource allocation module. The bidirectional coupling principle of the model is described from the aspects of model structure,coupling method and configuration rules. a multi-dimension index model verification method for streamflow process,characteristic frequency runoff volume,watershed water allocation is established,and the Tang River Catchment is taken as an example to use the SWAT-WARM model. Based on the result,the water resources allocation plans at different spatial and temporal scales and the water balance in the whole basin are given. The results show that the model realizes the dynamic combination of distributed hydrological simulation and water resource allocation simulation,and can describe the real-time mutual-feed process of natural-social water resources composite system, which can provide technical support for the refined management of watershed water resources. Finally,the shortcomings of the model are prospected.