动力吸振器对有轨电车弹性车轮的减振降噪影响分析

为了评价有轨电车弹性车轮动力吸振器的减振降噪效果，通过实验室测试方法对动力吸振器进行振动噪声测试，并结合理论和仿真来分析其降噪特性。首先，在半消声室分别测试弹性车轮在有无动力吸振器情况下的振动声辐射，测试结果表明：动力吸振器对弹性车轮轴向振动有明显的抑制作用。径向激励下，动力吸振器的降噪量为0.6 dB(A)，轴向激励下，动力吸振器的降噪量为2.6 dB(A)。进而，基于动力吸振原理探究动力吸振器的降噪性能，并结合测试图纸建立动力吸振器有限元模型，分析表明：动力吸振器在车轮固有频率2 066 Hz、2 245 Hz和3 837 Hz处降噪效果较好，原因是降噪频率差值在2 %以内，调谐频率和理论最优频率相吻合。动力吸振器在车轮固有频率899 Hz处降噪效果较差，其降噪频率差值为6.26 %，由于调谐减振频率偏离最优同调条件，导致降噪性能的恶化。

Effects of Dynamic Vibration Absorbers on Vibration and Noise Reduction of Tram Resilient Wheels

In order to evaluate the vibration and noise reduction of the dynamic vibration absorber attached to tram resilient wheel, the vibration and noise of the dynamic vibration absorber has been measured through experiment, which are combined with simulation results to analyze the noise reduction characteristics of the absorber. The radiated noise of resilient wheel with and without dynamic vibration absorber attached has been measured in a semi-anechoic rooms, the measured results show that dynamic vibration absorber has significant effect on decrease axial vibration of the resilient wheel. When the wheel was excited in radial direction, the noise reduction of dynamic vibration absorber is 0.6 dBA, When the wheel was excited in axial direction, the noise reduction of dynamic vibration absorber is 2.6 dBA. Based on the principle of dynamic vibration absorption, the noise reduction performance of dynamic vibration absorber is studied, and the finite element model of dynamic vibration absorber is established in combination with the drawing. The dynamic vibration absorber has better noise reduction at 2066Hz, 2245Hz and 3837Hz, because the difference of the tuning frequency and the theoretical optimum frequency is less than 2%, these two frequencies almost coincide. The dynamic vibration absorber has worse noise reduction at 899Hz, because the difference of the tuning frequency and the theoretical optimum frequency is 6.26%, the tuning frequency deviates from the optimal cohomology condition, resulting in deterioration of the noise reduction performance of the absorber.