基于多工况的汽车座椅骨架轻量化设计

安全带静态拉伸工况以及行李箱动态碰撞工况是汽车座椅安全法规中的2个重要工况。在满足安全法规要求的前提下，为实现汽车座椅的轻量化设计，提出了一种基于多工况的座椅骨架轻量化设计方法。以汽车座椅安全法规为设计准则，以座椅骨架质量最小为设计目标，综合考虑静、动态工况，对座椅骨架关键构件的尺寸进行优化设计。首先，建立座椅骨架的有限元模型，并以座椅骨架的质量为响应进行灵敏度分析，确定座椅骨架关键构件尺寸优化的设计变量；然后，建立座椅骨架关键构件尺寸优化的数学模型，实现座椅骨架的轻量化设计；最后，对优化后的座椅进行静、动态工况下的有限元仿真分析和试验研究，以验证优化结果的正确性。结果表明，相较于原座椅，优化后的座椅在满足安全法规要求的前提下减重7.89%，验证了所提出的轻量化设计方法的有效性。研究结果可为汽车座椅的安全性分析和轻量化设计提供参考，具有重要的工程实用价值。

Lightweight design of automobile seat frame based on multiple working conditions

The static tension condition of safety belt and the dynamic collision condition of luggage compartment are two important conditions in the automobile seat safety regulations. On the premise of meeting the requirements of safety regulations, in order to realize the lightweight design for automobile seats, a lightweight design method of seat frame based on multiple working conditions was proposed. Taking the automobile seat safety regulations as the design criteria and taking the minimum mass of seat frame as the design objective, the size of key components of the seat frame was optimized by comprehensively considering the static and dynamic working conditions. Firstly, the finite element model of the seat frame was established, and the sensitivity analysis was carried out with the seat frame mass as the response, and the design variables for the size optimization of key components of the seat frame were determined; then, the mathematical model of size optimization of key components of the seat frame was established, and the lightweight design for the seat frame was realized; finally, the finite element simulation analysis and experimental research for the optimized seat under the static and dynamic conditions were carried out to verify the correctness of the optimization results. The results showed that compared with the original seat, the weight of the optimized seat was reduced by 7.89% on the premise of meeting the requirements of safety regulations, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed lightweight design method. The research results can provide reference for the safety analysis and lightweight design of automobile seats, which have important engineering practical value.