超临界流体染色技术的过去、现在和将来(一)

介绍了超临界CO2染色技术在世界范围的发展过程及其优于水染色的特点。阐述了超临界CO2对纤维性能的影响，诸如润滑效果CO2吸附、结晶、收缩和热机械性能，超临界CO2对纤维的玻璃化温度和有效温度以及对纤维损伤的影响。另一重要问题是在超临界CO2中纤维与染料之间的平衡分布和影响染料溶解性的参数。文中给出了涤纶纤维的染色步骤、设备和最佳工艺参数，然而天然纤维的染色仍是一个问题。通过浸渍溶胀剂和交联剂，或在染色前对纤维改性、添加极性共溶剂，可以提高分散染料的染色性，所有这些方法增加了工艺步骤和设备清洗，若使用有机溶剂则将大大提高机器成本，采用活性分散染料可以避免这种情况。含乙烯砜基团的染料主要适宜于羊毛和聚酰胺纤维的超临界CO2染色，而对于纤维素纤维迄今尚未开发可行的解决方法。预计在不久的将来建造工业化规模的染色设备，努力实现超临界CO2染色技术的经济效益。

Past,Present and Future of Supercritical Fluid Dyeing Technology(Ⅰ)

The worldwide development of the Co 2 dyeing technology and the advantages over water dyeing is presented. Furthermore, the influence of CO 2 on the fibre behaviour is described, such as the lubricating effect, CO 2 sorption, crystallisation, shrinkage, and thermo-mechanical behaviour, the influence of CO 2, on the glass transition and effective temperature of fibres and the fibre damage. Another important topic is the distribution equilibrium between the fibre and the dyes in CO 2 and the parameter, which influence the solubility of dyes. In this context the dyeing steps, the plant and the optimum process parameter for polyester are described. Dyeing of natural fibres is still a problem. Dyeability with disperse dyes is improved by impregnation of swelling and cross-linking agents or fibre modification before dyeing or by adding polar cosolvents. All these measures include additional process steps, the cleaning of the plant is increased and if organic solvents are used, the machinery cost will be much higher. This can be avoided by using reactive disperse dyes. Mainly dyes with a vinylsulphone group are suitable for dyeing of wool and polyamide in CO 2, while for cellulose fibres up to now no practicable solution has been developed. A dyeing plant on industrial scale will be constructed and built in the near future within a project to work out the economic efficiency of this technology.