多主元难熔高熵合金的研究进展

近年来，高熵合金(HEAs)因其新颖的设计理念和优异的综合力学性能成为了新材料领域的研究热点之一。作为HEAs一个重要分支的难熔高熵合金(RHEAs)由于将高熔点难熔元素作为主要合金成分而具有优异的高温抗软化性能。难熔高熵合金在高温下具有良好的相稳定性，有望成为新型高温结构材料。相比于传统的高温合金，难熔高熵合金的成分范围更广，密度区间更大，抗氧化性也更好。在过去的十余年中，难熔高熵合金的研究已经取得了很大进展。许多合金和合金体系都已经进行了广泛的测试和表征，包括力学性能和氧化行为等方面，有关固溶强化、变形机制和氧化行为的新模型也正在出现并不断完善。计算机构建模型和模拟计算也逐渐应用于难熔高熵合金的研究，促进了难熔高熵合金的开发和发展。主要介绍了难熔高熵合金的成分设计，对比分析了其制备工艺和相组成，并讨论了其室温和高温时的力学性能及高温抗氧化性。最后总结了难熔高熵合金研究目前存在的问题和瓶颈，并对未来研究方向提出了建议。

Research Progress of Multi-principal Refractory High-entropy Alloys

In recent years, high entropy-alloys (HEAs) have become one of the research hotspots in the field of new materials due to their novel design concepts and excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs), as an important branch of HEAs, have excellent high-temperature softening resistance due to the use of high-melting refractory elements as the main alloying component. Refractory high-entropy alloys have good phase stability at high temperatures and are expected to be new high-temperature structural materials. Compared with traditional high-temperature alloys, refractory high-entropy alloys have wider composition ranges, larger alloy density intervals, and better oxidation resistance. Over the past decade or so, great progress has been made in research of refractory high-entropy alloys. Many alloys and alloy systems have been extensively tested and characterized, including mechanical properties and oxidation behavior, and new models regarding solid solution strengthening, deformation mechanisms and oxidation behavior are emerging and being refined. Computer-constructed models and simulations have also been gradually applied to the study of refractory high-entropy alloys, promoting the development of refractory high-entropy alloys. The composition design of refractory high-entropy alloys and comparative analysis of their preparation process and phase composition are presented, and their mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature are discusses, as well as high-temperature oxidation resistance. Finally, the current problems and bottlenecks in the research of refractory high-entropy alloys are summarized, and suggestions for future research directions are presented.