常用墙体隔声性能的影响因素及改进措施

墙体空气声隔声性能对室内声环境的舒适程度具有决定性的影响，如何对常用墙体构造进行隔声性能优化，是高品质建筑室内声环境设计的重要工作。文中采用现场测试和COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5计算软件模拟的方法，研究了常用墙体在不同频段下的空气声隔声性能。结果表明，墙体隔声性能的变化趋势符合墙体的质量定律分析，隔声量与墙厚度、面密度之间具有较好的线性关系，计权隔声量随厚度、面密度的增加而增大；墙体隔声性能的优化不宜盲目增加墙体厚度，而是要根据墙体构造的特点和所处的噪声频段进行优化，在混凝土墙体中添加0.3%的聚丙烯纤维和0.5%的聚氨酯吸声材料后，墙体计权表观隔声量可提高1~2 dB，在多孔砖或砌块类的孔洞中填充密度为31.5 kg·m^-3的岩棉，墙体计权表观隔声量可提高4 dB，将轻钢龙骨的单位长度质量从0.82 kg·m^-1增加至1.23 kg·m^-1，石膏板的厚度从12 mm增至15 mm时，墙体计权表观隔声量可提高2~3 dB。

Influence factors of sound insulation performance of common wall and improvement measures

he air acoustic insulation performance of the wall has a decisive influence on the comfort degree of indoor acoustic environment. How to optimize the sound insulation performances of common wall structures is an important work in the design of indoor acoustic environment for high-quality buildings. The air sound insulation performance of common wall in different frequency bands is studied by field test method and COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 simulation in this paper. The results show that the variation trend of sound insulation performance of the wall conforms to the mass law analysis of the wall. The sound insulation variation of the wall has a good linear relationship with its thickness and surface density, and the weighted sound insulation of the wall increases with the increases of its thickness and surface density. Blind increase of thickness is not a way to optimize the sound insulation performance of the wall, which should be optimized according to the characteristics of the structure of the wall and the noise frequency. The weighted apparent sound insulation of the wall can be improved by 1-2 dB, when 0.3% polypropylene fiber and 0.5% polyurethane sound absorbing material are added in the concrete wall. The weighted apparent sound insulation of the wall can be improved by 4 dB, when 31.5 kg·m^-3 rock wool is filled into the holes of porous brick or block. The weighted apparent sound insulation of the wall can be improved by 2-3 dB, when the mass per unit length of the light steel keel is increased from 0.82 kg·m^-1 to 1.23 kg·m^-1, and the thickness of the plasterboard is increased from 12 mm to 15 mm.