2018—2020年河北省市售贝类中麻痹性贝类毒素污染状况调查分析

目的了解2018—2020年河北省市售贝类中麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish poison,PSP)污染状况。方法 2018年8月—2020年5月间,对河北省市售的7种双壳贝类,共508份进行检测分析。样品经0.5%乙酸水提取,石墨化碳黑固相萃取柱净化,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行检测。结果 508份样品,PSP阳性样品24份,检出率为4.7%, 15份样品超过世界卫生组织规定安全限量,超标率为3.0%。检出贝类为贻贝、毛蚶、杂色蛤、扇贝, PSP含量范围分别为217.0~13001.8μg石房蛤毒素当量(saxitoxin equivalent, STXeq/kg)、217.0~4893.2μg STXeq/kg、217.0~503.6μg STXeq/kg、217.0~11024.5μg STXeq/kg;超标贝类为贻贝、毛蚶、扇贝。贝类中检出的PSP类型有GTX1、GTX4、GTX2、GTX3、neoSTX、STX。结论河北省市售贝类麻痹性贝类毒素暴露风险整体较低,秦皇岛地区贻贝等贝类产品在4、5月份较易受到PSP污染,应持续关注,加强早期监测预警。

Investigation and analysis of paralytic shellfish poison pollution in retail shellfish in Hebei province from 2018 to 2020

Objective To investigate the contamination situation of paralytic shellfish poison(PSP) in retail shellfish in Hebei province from 2018 to 2020. Methods From August 2018 to May 2020, totally 508 samples of 7 kinds of bivalves in Hebei province were analyzed. The sample was extracted with 0.5% acetic acid water, purified by graphitized carbon black solid phase extraction column, and detected by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results Among 508 samples, there were 24 samples with PSP, the detection rate was 4.7%, and there were 15 samples above the safety limit set by the World Health Organization, the exceeding rate was 3.0%. The shellfish detected were Mytilus galloprovincialis, Scapharca subcrenata, Ruditapes philippinarum and Chlamys farreri, the contents range of PSP were 217.0-13001.8 μg saxitoxin equivalent(STXeq/kg), 217.0-4893.2 μg STXeq/kg, 217.0-503.6 μg STXeq/kg, 217.0-11024.5 μg STXeq/kg, respectively;excessive shellfish were Mytilus galloprovincialis, Scapharca subcrenata and Chlamys farreri. The types of PSP detected in shellfish were GTX1, GTX4, GTX2, GTX3, neoSTX, and STX. Conclusion The overall risk of exposure to paralytic shellfish poison from shellfish in Hebei province is low, shellfish products such as mussels in Qinhuangdao are more susceptible to PSP contamination in April and May, and continuous attention should be paid to strengthen early monitoring and early warning.