Fracture toughness of transverse cracks in graphite/epoxy laminates at cryogenic conditions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China;3. China Academy of Machinery of Science & Technology, Beijing 100044, PR China;1. College of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, PR China;2. Henan Energy and Chemical Industry Group Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China;3. College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China;4. Technology Development Center for Polymer Processing Engineering, Guangdong Colleges and Universities, Guangdong Industry Technical College, Guangzhou 510641, China;1. Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;2. Department of Creative Product Design, College of Creative Design, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan;3. School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, China;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China;2. School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, China;3. Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Orleans, LA 70148, New Orleans, USA |
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| Abstract: | Stress singularity of a transverse crack normal to ply-interface in a composite laminate is investigated using analytical and finite element methods. Four-point bending tests were performed on single-notch bend specimens of graphite/epoxy laminates containing a transverse crack perpendicular to the ply-interface. The experimentally determined fracture loads were applied to the finite element model to estimate the fracture toughness. The procedures were repeated for specimens under cryogenic conditions. Although the fracture loads varied with specimen thickness, the critical stress intensity factor was constant for all the specimens indicating that the measured fracture toughness can be used to predict delamination initiation from transverse cracks. For a given crack length and laminate configuration, the fracture load at cryogenic temperature was significantly lower. The results indicate that fracture toughness does not change significantly at cryogenic temperatures, but the thermal stresses play a major role in fracture and initiation of delaminations from transverse cracks. |
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