Surface modification of wood flour and its effect on the properties of PP/wood composites |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary;2. Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary;1. Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Section of Wood Biology and Wood Products, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;2. Institute of Mechanical Wood Technology, Dpt. of Wood Sciences, University of Hamburg, Leuschnerstraße 91c, D-21031 Hamburg, Germany;3. DFG Research Training Group GRK 1703 “Resource Efficiency in Interorganizational Networks”, University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 3, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany;1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;2. Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada;3. Division of Building Materials, Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden;1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;2. Hunan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for High-efficiency Utilization of Wood and Bamboo Resources, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;3. Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;4. Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3B3, Canada;1. Key Laboratory for Green & Advanced Civil Engineering Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, China;2. Central South University of Forestry and Technology, China;3. Chengdu Guanghe Wood Industry Co. LTD, Chengdu, China |
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| Abstract: | The surface of wood flour used as reinforcement in PP/wood composites was successfully modified by benzylation in NaOH solution of 20 wt% concentration at 105 °C. The time of the reaction was changed between 5 and 360 min in several steps. The progress of modification was followed by the measurement of weight increase and by diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT). The structure of the wood was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and its surface tension was determined by inverse gas chromatography (IGC). PP composites containing 20 wt% filler were prepared from a PP block copolymer and the modified wood flour. The mechanical behavior of the composites was characterized by tensile testing. The majority of the active hydroxyl groups at the surface were replaced by benzyl groups in about 2 h under the conditions used. Further increase in reaction time did not influence the properties of the filler. Both the structure of the wood flour and its surface tension changed as an effect of modification. The reduction of surface tension led to significant changes in all interactions between the wood flour and other substances resulting in a considerable decrease of water absorption, which is the major benefit of this modification. All measured mechanical properties of the composites decreased slightly with increasing degree of modification. A detailed analysis of the results proved that the dominating micromechanical deformation process of these PP/wood composites is debonding, which is further facilitated by the decrease in the surface tension of the filler. Chemical modification of wood flour slightly improved processability and the surface appearance of the composites prepared with them and considerably decreased the water absorption of these latter. |
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