地震勘探检波器原理和特性及有关问题分析

在地震勘探工作中,由于对检波器的原理和性能了解和认识得不够,致使在检波器的选择和使用上存在着一些不当之处,不清楚检波器的参数与响应特性之间的关系,以及这些参数对地震信号的影响,在检波器使用和对比时往往针对性不强。为此,从检波器的振动力学原理入手,分析了位移、速度和加速度3种类型检波器的频率响应特性,并阐述了检波器不同的机电转换原理；在此基础上,深入分析了检波器的特性参数对地震信号的影响以及地震勘探对检波器性能和参数的要求。根据地震勘探中地震波冲击振动信号的特点,认为具有频率范围宽、动态范围大、失真度小、灵敏度高、检波器允差小等特点的检波器才能满足地震勘探的需要。同时,对目前检波器使用中的一些做法进行了探讨,尤其是检波器对比试验中存在的问题。综合分析认为,只有掌握了检波器的原理、性能和参数,才能正确地选择和使用检波器。

Analysis on principles and performance of seismic geophone and relevant issues

In seismic exploration,because of lack of knowledge on geophone principles and performance there are some improper behaviors about the choice and use of geophone.The relationship between geophone parameters and response characteristics is not clear,as well as the impact of these parameters on seismic signals,which lead to not strong pertinence in comparison test and utilization of geophones.Therefore according to the vibration mechanics theory of geophone,the frequency response characteristics of displacement,velocity and acceleration geophone was analyzed,and the different electro-mechanical transform principles were elaborated.On this basis,we further analyzed the effect of geophone characteristic parameters on seismic signals and the requirements on geophone performance and parameters in seismic exploration.According to the characteristics of the shock and vibration signal in seismic exploration,it is shown that the geophone with wide frequency band,big dynamic range,small distortion,high sensitivity and small tolerance can satisfy the need for seismic exploration.Meanwhile,the actual use of geophone has been discussed,in particular the problems in geophone comparison test.Comprehensive analysis indicates that only by mastering the principles,performance and parameters of geophone we can properly select and use geophone.