Alternative hydrocarbon solvents for cottonseed extraction |
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Authors: | P J Wan D R Pakarinen R J Hron Sr O L Richard E J Conkerton |
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Affiliation: | (1) USDA, ARS, SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, 70124-4305 New Orleans, LA |
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Abstract: | Hexane has been used for decades to extract edible oil from cottonseed. However, due to increased regulations affecting hexane
because of the 1990 Clean Air Act and potential health risks, the oil-extraction industry urgently needs alternative hydrocarbon
solvents to replace hexane. Five solvents,n-heptane, isohexane, neohexane, cyclohexane, and cylopentane, were compared with commercial hexane using a benchscale extractor.
The extractions were done with a solvent to cottonseed flake ratio of 5.5 to 1 (w/w) and a miscella recycle flow rate of 36
mL/min/sq cm (9 gal/min/sq ft) at a temperature of 10 to 45°C below the boiling point of the solvent. After a 10-min single-stage
extraction, commercial hexane removed 100% of the oil from the flakes at 55°C; heptane extracted 100% at 75°C and 95.9% at
55°C; isohexane extracted 93.1% at 45°C; while cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and neohexane removed 93.3, 89.4, and 89.6% at 35,
55, and 35°C, respectively. Each solvent removed gossypol from cottonseed flakes at a different rate, with cyclopentane being
most and neohexane least effective. Based on the bench-scale extraction results and the availability of these candidate solvents,
heptane and isohexane are the alternative hydrocarbon solvents most likely to replace hexane.
Presented in part at the AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo, Atlanta, Georgia, May 1994. |
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Keywords: | Alternative solvents cottonseed cyclohexane cyclopentane extraction extraction efficiency and rate heptane hexane hydrocarbon solvents isohexane miscella miscella concentration neohexane |
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