国内外矿用高耐磨、高韧性硬质合金新技术

近年来随着国内国外采掘业的快速发展,对硬质合金材料也提出了越来越高的要求,而耐磨性和韧性在传统的同一硬质合金中却是一对此消彼长的矛盾体。本文着重列举了超细及纳米晶粒硬质合金、双粘结相结构硬质合金、双晶结构硬质合金、"高温粉末"基硬质合金、功能梯度结构硬质合金以及低钴粗晶硬质合金共六种近年来国内外实现高耐磨性与高韧性协调统一的硬质合金新技术,归纳和比较了各技术的制备工艺、技术原理、材料性能和发展状况。探讨了晶粒大小、微观结构以及所选原料性能等引起硬质合金硬度、耐磨性、强度、韧性等宏观力学性能的变化,分析了各主要因素的影响趋势,以及各种技术需要解决的问题,以期对我国发展新型硬质合金提供有益参考。

New Technology of Cemented Carbide for Mining with High Wear Resistance and High Fracture Toughness

With the rapid development of domestic and foreign extractive industries in recent years, the cemented carbide material also made the ever-increasing demands. However, the wear resistance and toughness in the traditional carbide is a pair of counter-balance contradiction. Therefore, a total of six kinds of new cemented carbide for mining with high wear resistance and high fracture toughness at home and abroad, e.g. ultrafine and nano-grain cemented carbide, double-bonded phase structure cemented carbide, two-peak structure cemented carbide, high-temperature powder ce- mented carbide, low cobalt content and coarse grain cemented carbide, functionally gradient cemented carbide, were intro- duced in detail in this paper. The Preparation technology, technical principles, material properties and development of each material were summarized and compared. The grain size, microstructure and material properties, which cause the change of macroscopic mechanical properties of carbide hardness, wear resistance, strength, toughness, etc., were investi- gated. The main factors affecting the trend and the problems of these technologies were analysed. These results may provide useful references for national development of new carbides.