伴热系统及外伴热管体系性能优化技术评述

伴热是抑制天然气水合物生成、油气结蜡和实现流体物料降黏储运的一种方法，其实质是通过外部热源（即伴热介质）提供热补偿从而控制物料的温度。简述了伴热技术在天然气工业等领域的应用，并根据国内外的研究发展状况，对伴热系统及外伴管体系性能优化技术进行了评述。首先对各种结构形式伴热系统的技术性能进行比较分析后发现，常用光滑外伴热管系统存在传热热阻大和调控不便等缺点。然后进一步从传热优化和控制优化角度，对外伴热管伴热系统性能优化技术进行了讨论，剖析了优化效果。结果表明，采用导热胶泥和设置智能温控装置等措施从传热和控制两方面优化了外伴热管体系的伴热性能，产生了节能潜力。基于以上分析结果，预计蒸气外伴热管伴热在未来较长时期内仍将是油气田和石化领域的主要伴热系统之一。

REVIEW ON PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION TECHNOLOGIES OF HEAT TRACING SYSTEMS AND EXTERNAL HEAT TRACING PIPE SYSTEMS

Heat tracing is a method to prohibit formation of natural gas hydrates and oil-gas wax deposition as well as to realize viscosity reduction for storage and transportation of fluid materials.The essence of this technology is to control material temperature via thermal compensation provided by external thermal sources,i.e.,tracing mediums.Application of the heat tracing technology in natural gas industry was briefly introduced,and the performance optimization technologies of heat tracing systems and external tracing pipe systems were appraised in accordance with its global development situation.The technical characteristics of several heat tracing systems were compared and analyzed in terms of heat tracing medium and structure,like steam tracing system and electric tracing system,etc.It's concluded that although steam and hot water resources are easy to access and have been widely used,heat tracing systems with plain external tracing pipe have the disadvantages of high heat transfer resistant and control inconvenience.The performance optimization technologies were further analyzed in terms of heat transfer optimization and control optimization.The optimization effect was discussed.The result showed that performance of external heat tracing systems can be enhanced through application of thermal cement and intelligent temperature control unit.It also showed energy conservation potential.Based on the above results,it is predicted that steam tracing system with external tracing pipe will be one of the main tracing systems to be long used in oil and gas fields and petrochemical industry in the future.