Quadrature frequency resolved spectroscopy of upconversion photoluminescence in GeGaS:Er3+: I. Determination of energy transfer upconversion parameter |
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| Authors: | Lukas Strizik Vit Prokop Jan Hrabovsky Tomas Wagner Takeshi Aoki |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology,University of Pardubice,Pardubice,Czech Republic;2.Institute of Physics of Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics,Charles University in Prague,Prague 2,Czech Republic;3.Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology,University of Pardubice,Pardubice,Czech Republic;4.Joint Research Center of High-Technology,Tokyo Polytechnic University,Atsugi,Japan |
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| Abstract: | The article presents the formulas of quadrature frequency resolved spectroscopy (QFRS) on the upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) of rare-earth (RE) doped materials on the general M-level model. The formulas are derived in matrix-equation form with the first-order perturbation on the rate equations at the M energy-levels of RE ion. The QFRS spectra for three different UCPL processes, i.e., the excited state absorption (ESA), energy transfer upconversion (ETU) and photon avalanche (PA) via cross relaxation process (CRP) in a particular case of M?=?3 are demonstrated with the respective salient features of the excitation power dependence. We have measured the QFRS on the UCPL (4 S 3/2 → 4 I 15/2) by systematically varying Er-doping in Ge28.1Ga6.3S65.6 chalcogenide glass from 0.01 to 0.5 at.% as well as 975 nm excitation power. Thereby the relaxation rates k 1 at the intermediate level 4 I 11/2, k 2 at the top level 4 S 3/2 and ETU parameter w are determined as a function of Er concentration. The UCPL dynamics on the basis of the formulas for the 3-level model is interpreted in terms of the determined parameters. |
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