Robust fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control for PEMFC system based on an augmented LPV observer

In order to improve the safety and reliability of proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, this paper proposes a novel robust fault observer for the fault diagnosis and reconstruction of the PEMFC air management system. First, considering the complexity and large computation of the nonlinear PEMFC system, a linear parameter-varying (LPV) model is introduced to describe the system behavior and reduce the computation cost. Then, an augmented state observer based on the LPV model is proposed for simultaneously estimating the internal states and component faults. The robustness is guaranteed by taking the system disturbances and measurement noises into consideration when designing the observer gain. The observer design is transformed into a process of solving a set of linear inequality matrices. According to the results, the augmented robust observer can accurately estimate the system states and faults under different conditions. Moreover, to realize the fault tolerant control of the air supply, the oxygen stoichiometry estimator is designed taking consideration of system fault information and a corresponding controller is employed for air compressor voltage following the net power maximization strategy.