激光表面改性有机高分子材料的研究进展

有机高分子材料具有质轻、易成型、成本低等优点,在汽车、电子等领域有广泛的应用,但有机高分子材料的原始表面多数呈现化学惰性、表面能低,导致其应用受限。激光表面改性技术具有柔性化程度高、区域选择性好、可三维加工等诸多优势。简要综述了激光表面改性有机高分子材料的性能变化、机理和应用的国内外研究进展,表明通过激光改性可以在有机高分子材料表面形成诸如凸起、凹坑、沟槽、多孔和周期性结构等微观形貌,并使表面化学成分发生显著变化,进而影响其表面润湿性、表面能、吸附性、颜色和/或减阻等性能,这主要与有机高分子材料的自身特性、激光改性参数以及改性环境等因素密切相关,而且通过控制激光改性参数,还有可能实现对上述表面性能变化的精密调控。激光表面改性有机高分子材料在理论研究和实际应用中都具有巨大的价值,但目前对于激光表面改性有机高分子材料的理论研究落后于应用研究,还应进一步加强对改性技术和机理的探索与研究。

A Review of Laser Surface Modification on Organic Polymers

Organic polymers have many advantages including light weight, easy molding, low cost, etc., and thus have wide applications in such fields as automobiles, electronics, and so on. However, most of their pristine surfaces usually tend to be chemically inert and have low surface energy. Thus, this limits their broad and practical applications. Laser surface modification technology has many excellent features of high flexibility, good local selection, and three-dimensional (3D) processing. In this paper, the progress of the property changes, mechanisms, and applications of organic polymers after laser surface modification was reviewed. It showed that laser modification was able to form such surface micro-morphologies as bumps, pits, grooves, micro-pores and periodic microstructures, and to markedly change surface chemical compositions, which affected their wettability, surface energy, adsorbability, color, and/or lubrication. This was mainly related to the self-properties of the organic polymer materials, and the laser modification parameters and environment. By adjusting the laser parameters, it was probable to precisely control the change of the above surface properties. Laser surface modification on organic polymers has great theoretical and practical application values. Nevertheless, the study of laser surface modification theory lagged behind that of practical application. It is necessary to further enhance the exploration and study on laser surface modification technology and mechanism.