高比例可再生能源电力系统关键技术及发展挑战

高比例可再生能源并网将改变电力系统的形态,为电力系统稳定控制、调度运行和规划决策等领域带来重大变革.文中基于不同可再生能源渗透率水平下系统的发展特点,将未来电力系统迈向高比例可再生能源的过程分为三大阶段并总结了各个阶段的特征.结合这一领域的研究成果,全面解析了高比例可再生能源电力系统发展过程中将出现的挑战,分析了电力系统消纳高比例可再生能源的一系列技术解决方案,对各项技术的基本原理、经济成本与发展前景进行了分析和比较.研究表明,高比例可再生能源并网将面临一系列技术挑战,而每项关键技术仅能解决其中一部分问题.这些技术在未来高比例可再生能源电力系统中的应用不仅取决于其技术有效性,还取决于其经济性以及与其他技术的互补性.中国未来实现高比例可再生能源电力系统的形态与发展路径取决于各项关键技术的相对发展步伐及其耦合影响.

Key Technologies and Developing Challenges of Power System with High Proportion of Renewable Energy

The integration of high proportion of renewable energy will change the morphology of the power systems and bring great changes to the fields of power system stability and control, dispatch operation, and planning decision. Based on the development characteristics of the system at different levels of renewable energy penetration rates, this paper divides the future development process of power system to a high proportion renewable energy into three stages and summarizes the characteristics of each stage. Combining the research results in the field, this paper comprehensively analyzes the challenges that will arise during the development of power systems with high proportion of renewable energy, and a series of technical solutions for the power systems to accommodate the high proportion of renewable energy. The principle, economic cost and development prospects are also analyzed and compared. Studies have shown that the integration of high proportion of renewable energy will face a series of technical challenges, and every single key technology can only solve certain part of the problems. The application of these technologies in future power systems with high proportion of renewable energy depends not only on their technical performance, but also on their economics and complementarity with other technologies. The morphology and development roadmap of China in future power system with high proportion of renewable energy depends on the relative development pace of various key technologies and their coupling effects.