Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide-type vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers: comparison of full-vector finite-difference time-domain and 3-D bidirectional beam propagation methods |
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| Authors: | Elkin N.N. Napartovich A.P. Troshchieva V.N. Vysotsky D.V. Tae-Woo Lee Hagness S.C. Nam-Heon Kim Ling Bao Mawst L.J. |
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| Affiliation: | State Res. Center Troitsk Inst. for Innovation & Fusion Res., Russia; |
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| Abstract: | The cold-cavity modal characteristics of an antiresonant optical waveguide-type cylindrical vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) are investigated through numerical simulations using a three-dimensional (3-D) bidirectional beam propagation method (BD-BPM) and a full-vector axisymmetric finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Good agreement between the BPM- and FDTD-computed radial mode profiles as well as the mode-dependent radiation losses is obtained. The results of this paper establish the accuracy of the BD-BPM technique for simulating this class of devices and confirm effective-index method predictions that antiresonance conditions for cylindrical geometry devices (i.e., VCSELs) differ from those of planar geometry devices (i.e., edge emitters). |
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