长时工作记忆和注意力分配对装甲车辆乘员情景意识的影响

装甲车辆乘员的情景意识水平显著影响车辆的作战效能，而乘员的情景意识又受到工作记忆、注意力分配等因素的影响。为探究乘员的长时工作记忆及注意力分配对其情景意识的影响，共招募24名被试开展了乘员情景意识评价实验。实验针对装甲车辆中车长某一假定作业任务，基于某乘员任务虚拟仿真实验系统进行。结果显示，在长时工作记忆方面，熟练者的情景意识水平显著高于初学者；在注意力分配方面，高凸显性条件下的情景意识水平显著高于低凸显性条件，而异常信息出现频率对情景意识的影响较小。进一步分析表明，3D-SART、SAGAT、异常信息响应时间、眼睑开度、仪表区注视时间占比、SDNN以及PNN50等指标对情景意识水平变化较为敏感。该研究可为装甲车辆人机交互界面的设计方面提供设计依据。

Effects of Long-term Working Memory and Attention Distribution on Situational Awareness of Armored Vehicle Occupants

The situational awareness level of armored vehicle crew significantly affects the combat effectiveness of the vehicle, and the situational awareness of crew members is affected by working memory, attention distribution and other factors. In order to explore the effects of crew’s long-term working memory and attention distribution on their situational awareness, 24 subjects were recruited to carry out the evaluation experiment of crew’s situational awareness. The experiment was based on the virtual simulation experiment system of a hypothetical armored vehicle crew task. The results showed that: in the aspect of long-term working memory, the situational awareness level of skilled people was significantly higher than that of beginners; in terms of attention distribution, the situational awareness level under the high-saliency condition was significantly higher than that under the low-saliency condition; the frequency of abnormal information, however, had little effect on situational awareness. Further analysis showed that indices such as 3D-SART, SAGAT, abnormal information response time, percentage of eyelid coverage of the eye, proportion of gaze time on the instrument area, SDNN and PNN50 are more sensitive to the change of situational awareness level. This study can provide some design basis for the design of human-computer interaction interface of armored vehicles.