"外嵌内包"微结构的奥克托今/铝复合粒子制备及其应用性能

为改善铝粉在炸药爆轰过程中的动力学条件，采用喷雾包覆法制备奥克托今/铝（HMX/Al）复合粒子，并基于该粒子制备含铝炸药，利用扫描电镜、能谱仪和红外光谱分别对HMX/Al复合粒子形貌、表面元素组成以及化学结构进行表征；通过机械感度、爆热、金属驱动和爆炸罐试验，研究HMX/Al复合粒子基含铝炸药的爆炸性能。结果表明：粒径为13 μm、未经酯类物质清洗及无氟橡胶2603（F2603）预包覆的铝粉有利于形成“外嵌内包”的微结构；HMX/Al复合粒子通过非键作用形成复合结构；制备工艺对撞击感度无显著影响，“外嵌内包”微结构可将HMX/Al复合粒子的摩擦感度由88%降低至12%；HMX/Al复合粒子基含铝炸药的爆热、驱动金属飞片的最大速度和后燃最高温度比传统含铝炸药分别提高5.5%、7.3%和6.4%，证明HMX/Al复合粒子可以使铝粉提前参与爆轰反应，提高铝粉反应完全性。

Preparation of HMX/Al Composite Particles with"Surface Embedded and Inner Coated"Microstructure by Spray Coating and Its Applied Performance

In order to improve kinetics conditions of aluminum during detonation, HMX/Al composite particles were prepared by spray coating method, and aluminized explosives containing the particles were prepared. The morphologies and surface element composition of composite particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), and the chemistry structure was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (IR). Explosion performance of HMX/Al composite-based aluminized explosive were estimated through the test of mechanical sensitivity, detonation heat, metal driving and explosion chamber. Results show that the optimized preparation conditions of “surface embedded and inner coated” microstructure are powdered aluminum with particle size of 13 μm without F2603 pre-coating and ester pre-cleaning. The connection of composite particles between HMX and Al is formed by non-bonding. The preparation process has no significant effect on impact sensitivity of composite particles, while the friction sensitivity of HMX/Al composite particles with “surface embedded and inner coated” microstructure is significantly reduced from 88% to 12%. Detonation heat, maximum speed of metal-driving flyer and afterburning maximum temperature of composite particles-based aluminized explosives are 5.5%, 7.3% and 6.4% higher than those of traditional samples, respectively. This indicates that the HMX/Al composite particles can be used to make the aluminum powder participate in detonation reaction in advance and improve its reaction completeness.