中德典型露天煤矿排土场土地复垦技术对比研究

本文以中国的平朔矿区和德国的维佐夫矿区为代表,系统对比研究了两国在露天煤矿排土场地貌重塑、土壤重构和植被重建等复垦过程中的主要技术措施。研究发现,中国较德国在露天煤矿采复理念、技术措施等方面存在一定差距,德国采用了"分层剥离、交错回填"采复一体化工艺,注重矿区复垦规划中区域空间协调性,从低碳发展理念引导复垦工程,开展了复垦前后生物多样性调查与保护工作,重视复垦后期的土地管护与资源可持续利用。研究认为,中国在露天煤矿排土场复垦中应该注意规划设计的区域协调性、加大生物多样性保护力度、促进复垦技术措施的可持续发展、强化复垦的后期管护,保障矿区经济、社会、生态健康持续发展。

Study on comparison of land reclamation technology in typical surface mine dump between China and Germany

Based on the case study of Pingshuo mining area of China Coal and Senftenberg mining area of Germany, this study has done the sysmatical reseach work on major technical measures on reconstruction of land-forms, soil and vegetation etc. The study has found out, there is gap between China and Germany on surface mining and land reclamation. In Germany, surface mining and reclamation has been integrated as one. Regional planning, low carbon mining land reclamation, biodiversity survey and protection before and after land reclamaiton, post mining land monitoring and sustainable land use have been considered. The study concluded, China should pay more attentions on regional cosistent of planning in dump site reclamation of surface mine, enforce biodiversity protection and sustainable development on land reclamation, promote post mining monitoring, so as to guarantee the healthy and sustainable development in economic, social and bio-environmental aspects of mining areas.