Benchmark problems in rarefied gas dynamics

In order to identify the most efficient and reliable methods and solvers for modeling of rarefied gas flows, it is proposed to choose few benchmark problems to be solved by different methods. The main requirements to such problems, such as geometrical simplicity and small number of determining parameters, are formulated in the present work. Two benchmark problems are proposed. A comparison between numerical and experimental data of these problems available in the open literature is performed.